Scientific Testimony: Its roles in science and society

"Chapter 1 opens up with some conceptual clarification and a provisional taxonomy of types of scientific testimony. Notably, this includes the distinction between intra-scientific testimony, which takes place between collaborating scientists, and public scientific testimony, which is directed at laypersons and comes in two varieties: Scientific expert testimony and Science reporting, in contrast , is public scientific testimony by testifiers, such as journalists, who often lack scientific expertise. Given this initial clarification, Chapter1 considers how scientific testimony is related to prominent themes in philosophy of science. These include scientific expertise, scientific collaboration, and the division of cognitive labor. In discussing these themes, Gerken articulates conceptual and empirical arguments that scientific collaboration contributes immensely to the epistemic force of science and that intra-scientific testimony is a vital part of such collaboration"--
Scientific Testimony concerns the roles of scientific testimony in science and society. The book develops a positive alternative to a tradition famously expressed by the slogan of the Royal Society Nullius in verba ("Take nobody's word for it"). This book argues that intra-scientific testimony--i.e., testimony between collaborating scientists--is not in conflict with the spirit of science or an add-on to scientific practice. On the contrary, intra-scientific testimony is a vital part of science. This is illustrated by articulating epistemic norms of intra-scientific testimony and arguing that they are vital to scientific methodology on a par with other scientific norms governing scientific observation and data analysis. The book also provides an account of public scientific testimony--i.e., scientific testimony to the lay population. This is done by integrating philosophical resources with empirical research on the science of science communication. For example, various misconceptions about science and folk epistemological biases are diagnosed as factors that contribute to science skepticism. This diagnosis provides the basis for developing novel norms for science communication that are sensitive to the psychological and social obstacles to laypersons' uptake of it. Finally, the volume discusses how public scientific testimony is best embedded in society and argues that it is critical for societies that pursue the ideals of deliberative democracy. Scientific Testimony draws on philosophy of science, social epistemology, and empirical research to provide a wide-ranging account of the roles of scientific testimony within scientific practice and within the wider society.